IMPACT OF ROBUST TREATMENT PLANNING ON SINGLE- AND MULTI-FIELD OPTIMIZED PLANS FOR PROTON BEAM THERAPY OF UNILATERAL HEAD AND NECK TARGET VOLUMES

Impact of robust treatment planning on single- and multi-field optimized plans for proton beam therapy of unilateral head and neck target volumes

Abstract Background Proton beam therapy is promising for the treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC), but it is sensitive to uncertainties in patient positioning and particle range.Studies have shown that the planning target volume (PTV) concept may not be sufficient to ensure robustness of the target coverage.A few planning studies have considered

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Relationships between the ABC-exporter HetC and peptides that regulate the spatiotemporal pattern of heterocyst distribution in Anabaena.

In the model cyanobacterium Anabaena sp.PCC 7120, cells called heterocysts vegetable glycerin for sale that are specialized in the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen differentiate from vegetative cells of the filament in the absence of combined nitrogen.Heterocysts follow a specific distribution pattern along the filament, and a number of regulators

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